Cast _* Interesting Facts _* Production Details _* Main Source for this Page: Nausicaa.Net

Directed by: Hayao Miyazaki
Written by: Hayao Miyazaki, Neil Gaiman (English screenplay)
Music by: Joe Hisaishi

Released on: July 12, 1997 (Japan); October 29, 1999 (U.S.)
Running Time: 150 minutes

Budget: ¥2.4 billion (about $20 million)
U.S. Opening Weekend: $144,446 over 8 screens
Box-Office: 13.5 million attendance and ¥18.65 billion ( $164 million) in Japan, $2.3 in the U.S.,
 
 

CAST
 

San... Claire Danes
Lady Eboshi... Minnie Driver
Jigo... Billy Bob Thornton
Moro, the female Wolf God... Gillian Anderson
Ashitaka... Billy Crudup
Kohroko... John DeMita
 
 

INTERESTING FACTS

  "When I first went to Japan in 1987," remembered fan and friend John Lasseter in an April 2002 Q&A session, "I had done two short films at Pixar. I hadn't done any of the features yet. I was there for a computer graphics conference. I was interested in seeing Miyazaki's studio, Studio Ghibli, they were saying, 'Oh Miyazaki hates computer animation. He hates it.', and all of the Japanese CG artists were saying, 'Oh he does not like computer graphics.' So I went there and was looking around and he was really kind and great. I showed him a video tape of my two short films that I had done: Luxor Jr and Red's Dream. As he looked at them, he got closer and closer and closer to the screen. During Red's Dream, there's some scenes of a city at nighttime. He kept putting it reverse and playing it again and putting it reverse and playing it again. Then he ran to his desk and rummaged around in some drawings and came back with this drawing of this flying machine and he goes, 'You think you can do this in computer animation?' I said, 'Oh yeah, it's perfect for that.' (Lasseter makes a thoughtful face and nods, imitating Mr. Miyazaki) and everybody was just like (makes surprised/shocked face). It was the first positive sign that he was accepting computer animation. The first use that he did of computer animation was in Princess Mononoke. In the beginning, those gray worm like things covering the boar was all computer graphics."

  As in other Ghibli movies, the cast of Princess Mononoke in the Japanese version is filled with great movie and stage actors, instead of Seiyuu (voice actors). Some of the very best Japanese actors are in the cast:

• Ashitaka, the protagonist, was played by MATSUDA Youji, who played Asbel in Nausicaä.
• SHIMAMOTO Sumi, who played Nausicaä, was also in the cast. This time, she played Toki, a working married woman.
• Mononoke Hime was played by ISHIDA Yuriko. She is a popular actress who appears in a lot of "trendy drama", the fashionable shows on Japanese TV. She played the part of Okiyo (Shokichi's girlfriend) in Pom Poko.
• Another familiar voice is that of KAMIJO Tsunehiko, who played Gonza. He did the voice of the Mamma Aiuto Boss in Porco Rosso.
• MORISHIGE Hisaya, whose signature role is Tevye in "Fiddler on the Roof", played Okkotonushi, a 500 year-old Boar God.
• Moro no Kimi, a 300 year-old Dog God was played by MIWA Akihiro. He is an actor very well known for playing mysterious female roles.  MISHIMA Yukio, the famous Japanese novelist and playwright wrote several plays for him.
• MORI Mitsuko, who is a sort of Angela Lansbury in Japan, played Hii-Sama, the old medium of Ashitaka's village.
• Eboshi Gozen (Lady Eboshi), the competent leader of the iron making people, was played by TANAKA Yuuko, another popular actress (and a very good one!).

  With a 2.4 billion yen (about $20 million) production cost, Princess Mononoke is the most expensive animated movie ever made in Japan (Akira cost about 1 billion yen).  But it earned more than 18.65 billion yen in Japan, with more than 13.53 million attendance, becoming the No.1 movie of all time in Japan, beating along the way the record held by "E.T." for 15 years (the Princess Mononoke's record has been then broken sinceby Titanic but remains the top-grossing Japanese movie of all times.

  According to Tokuma International, Disney contacted Madonna to sing the theme song for the English dub, but she declined the offer. "Mononoke Hime" was translated into English by Neil Gaiman, and was eventually sung by Sasha Lazard.

  Though Hayao Miyazaki resisted the video sales market in Japan as long as he could ("Miyazaki doesn't like his films to be seen on the small screen," Steve Alpert, an executive at a Tokuma Publishing, explained), Disney came calling in 1996 with a promise to keep his films intact: Princess Mononoke thus became the all-time record holder with sales north of 4.4 million units in Japan alone!  The record was broken once again by Titanic; the previous video sales record was held by Aladdin, which sold about 2.2 million copies in Japan.

  Princess Mononoke was wildly popular in Japan but did not fare well in the United States. "It was awful," Hayao Miyazaki said of the movie's reception in America. "Though some U.S. newspapers said the reason for its failure was its brutality, people in the U.S. cinema industry understood that there was a reason behind the violent scenes."

  The contract between Disney and Tokuma states that Disney cannot make any changes to the film other than dubbing it. Mr. Tokuma, the president of Tokuma Publishing, and Mr. Suzuki, the producer at Ghibli, both have stated "There will be no cuts," in various interviews. That did not prevent Disney from asking (or pressuring) Tokuma to make some cuts. However, Ghibli and Miyazaki said "no" to most suggestions, with some minor exceptions:

• The original Japanese version places a brief text narrative at the beginning of the film; the US version replaces it with an overlong verbal narrative "explaining" the setting to viewers; extra dialog was inserted in the US version to explain that Ashitaka was dead to his village when he cuts off his top knot.
• In the original version shown in Japan, the girl that gave her dagger to Ashitaka when he leaves his home village was his fiancee (not his sister).
• Jigo, in the Japanese version, criticizes the stew he is eating by saying it tastes like water; he calls it donkey piss in the US version.
• In the original Japanese version, we hear the penetration of wood when Ashitaka strikes the stock of Eboshi's Ishibiya; in the US version we hear the added sound effect of a metallic clang.

 

PRODUCTION DETAILS

Hime means "Princess" in Japanese. Ghibli has given Mononoke Hime the English title, "Princess Mononoke". Mononoke Hime (or Princess Mononoke) is what San, the heroine, is called by other people, since she was raised by a mononoke and looks and acts like a mononoke. Mononoke means "The spirit of a thing". Basically, the Japanese blamed mononoke for every unexplainable thing, from a major natural disaster to a minor headache. A mononoke could be the spirit of an inanimate object, such as a wheel, the spirit of a dead person, the spirit of a live person, the spirit of an animal, goblins, monsters, or a spirit of nature. Totoro is also a mononoke.

Princess Mononoke takes place in the Muromachi Era (1392-1573, or 1333-1467, depending on the scholar), around the time of the War of Onin (1467-1477). Miyazaki chose this era since the relationship between the Japanese and nature changed greatly around that time. During the Muromachi Era, iron production jumped, which required great numbers of trees to be cut down (for charcoal), and people came to feel that they could control nature. Also, it was the time before Japan as we know it was formed. It was a confusing, yet lively era. Women had more freedom, and a lot of new arts were born. The rigid class structure of Samurais, farmers, and artisans was yet to be established. Miyazaki sees similarities between the Muromachi era and the current era, which is going through various changes and confusion.

This is not a movie for small children, like Totoro. Miyazaki puts the targeted audience as "anyone older than 5th grade". The movie trailer has several cuts which graphically depict scenes where arms and heads of characters are cut off and fly. The movie poster features Mononoke Hime with her face smeared with blood. It has received a PG-13 rating from MPAA.

There is a reason for violence in Princess Mononoke. In this movie, Miyazaki tackles the themes he covered in the manga "Nausicaä": the meaning of living in the middle of destruction and despair, and overcoming hatred and vengeance. Princess Mononoke deals with the war between Gods and Humans, and intense hatred between them. Miyazaki said that "When there is a fight, some blood is inevitably spilled, and we cannot avoid depicting it." In the project proposal, he stated, "However, even in the middle of hatred and killings, there are things worth living for. A wonderful meeting, or a beautiful thing can exist. We depict hatred, but it is to depict that there are more important things. We depict a curse, to depict the joy of liberation."

Princess Mononoke took over three years to make, and some 144,000 hand-drawn cels and computer-generated images, forging a new standard of visual storytelling.

Being an excellent animator himself, Miyazaki 's directing style requires him to personally check drawings by other animators and often redraw them to make them closer to his image. He supervised personally each of the 80,000 cells of key animation. This is an enourmous task, and Miyazaki says that his eyes and hands no longer permit him to work this way. This is why Miyazaki says that he would not make a film in this style (personally checking each frame of animation) ever again.

Miyazaki's previous films had all been completely hand-crafted -with each cel used in the film drawn and painted by hand by the studio's artists. But this time Miyazaki also chose to take advantage of the very latest in computer technology - approximately 10% of Princess Mononoke was computer-generated. The result is movement with far more fluidity and realism than that of the typical anime film. The camerawork for the thrilling leaps, slashing sword fights and thundering gallops is dynamic in a way that only hand-drawn animation can achieve, while the computer-generated imagery conveys an immediacy and presence usually experienced in live-action film.

Yet the addition of computer generated images does not deter from Miyazaki’s well known evocation of atmosphere and emotion in the shades and nuances of his drawings. His primeval forest is not just another painted backdrop but evokes a living presence whose mystery and deep, still beauty awes and heals. There is a feeling that Miyazaki has captured in the forest of the beast-gods something that once existed a long, long time ago. The extraordinary attention to detail, with the grain and heft of every log carefully rendered, allows Miyazaki’s images to transcend the usual limits of animation. One can almost touch the night dampness on the wooden palisades, feel the heat from the furnace, and smell the smoke rising from the mill.
 
 

A STATEMENT BY HAYAO MIYAZAKI

This film has few of the samurai, feudal lords and peasants that usually appear in Japanese period dramas. And the ones who do appear are in the smallest of small roles. The main heroes of this film are the rampaging forest gods of the mountains and the people who rarely show their faces on the stage of history. Among them are the members of the Tatara clan of ironworkers, the artisans, laborers, smiths, ore diggers, charcoal makers and drivers with their horses and oxen. They carry arms and have what might be called their own workers associations and craftsman guilds.

The rampaging forest gods who oppose the humans take the shape of wolves, boars and bears. The Great Forest Spirit on which the story pivots is an imaginary creature with a human face, the body of an animal and wooden horns. The boy protagonist is a descendant of the Emishi tribe, who were defeated by the Yamato rulers of Japan and disappeared in ancient times. The girl resembles a type of clay figure found in the Jomon period, the pre-agricultural era in Japan, which last until about 80 A.D.

The principal settings of the story are the deep forests of the gods, which humans are not allowed to penetrate, and the ironworks of the Tatara clan, which resembles a fortress. The castles, towns and rice-growing villages that are the usual settings of period dramas are nothing more than distant backdrops. Instead, we have tried to recreate the atmosphere of Japan in a time of thick forests, few people and no dams, when nature still existed in an untouched state, with distant mountains and lonely valleys, pure, rushing streams, narrow roads unpaved with stones, and a profusion of birds, animals and insects.

We used these settings to escape the conventions, preconceptions and prejudices of the ordinary period drama and depict our characters more freely. Recent studies in history, anthropology and archeology tell us that Japan has a far richer and more diverse history than is commonly portrayed. The poverty of imagination in our period dramas is largely due to the influence of cliched movie plots.

The Japan of the Muromachi era (1392-1573), when this story takes place, was a world in which chaos and change were the norm. Continuing from the Nambokucho era (1336-1392), when two imperial courts were warring for supremacy, it was a time of daring action, blatant banditry, new art forms, and rebellion against the established order. It was a period that gave rise to the Japan of today. It was different from both the Sengoku era (1482-1558) when professional armies conducted organized wars, and the Kamakura era (1185-1382) when the strong-willed samurai of the period fought each other for domination.

It was a more fluid period, when there were no distinctions between peasants and samurai, when women were bolder and freer, as we can see in the shokuninzukushie – pictures that depicted women of the time working at all the various crafts. In that era, the borders of life and death were more clear-cut. People lived, loved, hated, worked and died without the ambiguity we find everywhere today.

Here lies, I believe, the meaning of making such a film as we enter the chaotic times of the 21st century. We are not trying to solve global problems with this film. There can be no happy ending to the war between the rampaging forest gods and humanity. But even in the midst of hatred and slaughter, there is still much to live for. Wonderful encounters and beautiful things still exist.

We depict hatred in this film, but only to show there are more important things. We depict a curse, but only to show the joy of deliverance. Most important of all, we show how a boy and a girl come to understand each other and how the girl opens her heart to the boy. At the end, the girl says to the boy, “I love you, Ashitaka, but I cannot forgive human beings.” The boy smiles and says, “That’s all right. Let’s live together in peace.” This scene exemplifies the kind of movie we have tried to make.